Strategies

Provide supports such as mentoring, counseling, or vocational training, or undertake school environment changes to help students complete high school

Focus heavily on reading and math achievement, enforce high behavioral expectations through a formal discipline system, lengthen instructional time, and increase feedback on teacher performance

Provide center-based programs that support cognitive and social development among young children from families with low incomes, with supports such as home visiting or parental education

Partner with doctors, nurse practitioners, and other medical professionals to incorporate literacy support into regular well-child visits, especially in lower income communities

Provide academic instruction to students during the summer, often along with enrichment activities such as art or outdoor activities

Establish time-limited, subsidized, paid jobs to help individuals with barriers to employment transition to unsubsidized employment

Provide participating high school students with professional opportunities that combine academic and on-the-job training or mentorship