HIV Prevalence*

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About

Number of people aged 13 years and older living with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection per 100,000 population. The 2024 Annual Data Release used data from 2021 for this measure.

Prevalence of HIV can serve as a marker for environments leading to unsafe intravenous drug use, unprotected sex, lack of HIV treatment (antiretroviral therapy), or lack of HIV prevention medicines such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).1 These data markers can help communities identify opportunities for intervention strategies to improve community health and reduce strain on the health care system, as treatment for HIV often exceeds the cost of similar chronic conditions.2

Data and methods

Data Source

National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention

Data on sexually transmitted infections were provided by the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP). The NCHHSTP is responsible for public health surveillance, prevention research, and programs to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis (TB). Center staff work in collaboration with governmental and nongovernmental partners at community, state, national, and international levels, applying well-integrated multidisciplinary programs of research, surveillance, technical assistance, and evaluation.

Website to download data
For more detailed methodological information

Key Measure Methods

HIV Prevalence is a rate

HIV Prevalence is the rate of diagnosed cases of HIV for people aged 13 years and older in a county per 100,000 population. Rates measure the number of events in a given time period divided by the average number of people at risk during that period. Rates help us compare risks of health factors across counties with different population sizes.

Some data are suppressed

A missing value is reported for counties with 1 to 4 HIV cases in the time period.

Caution should be used when comparing these estimates across states

Some states offer anonymous HIV testing and the results of these tests are not included in this data. Additionally, practices for reporting and updating patients’ clinical and vital status may differ by jurisdiction.  

Caution should be used when comparing these estimates across years

Data from the 2023 Annual Data Release should be interpreted with caution due to the impacts of the pandemic on HIV testing, care, and case reporting.

Measure limitations

This measure of HIV Prevalence includes all county residents, including those living in group quarters such as prisons or on military bases. Some states, when releasing prevalence measures, exclude these populations. This may account for differences in these values and values from your state department of health.

It is important to recognize that community and internalized stigma may result in individuals not seeking testing, individuals in healthcare not responding to the needs of those who are HIV-positive, and a lack of information regarding prevention and safe practices, which can result in greater HIV transmission.1,3,4

Numerator

The numerator is the number of diagnosed cases of HIV for people aged 13 years and older. HIV is a reportable disease meaning that when a provider treats a patient for HIV they are required to report that case to their health department.

Denominator

The denominator is the total population aged 13 years and older.

Can This Measure Be Used to Track Progress

This measure can be used to track progress with some caveats. It is important to be aware that although an increase in reported infections may reflect an increase in disease prevalence, the increase could also be due to other factors. For example, an increase may also be reflective of expanded screening, better diagnostic tests, or improved reporting by a clinic or local health department. Communities with poor screening rates may have artificially low rates of HIV. These rates are also statistically adjusted to account for reporting delays and missing transmission category. Using the statistically adjusted data is preferable when tracking progress because they help to eliminate artifacts of reporting in the surveillance system.

Finding More Data

Disaggregation means breaking data down into smaller, meaningful subgroups. Disaggregated data are often broken down by characteristics of people or where they live. Disaggregated data can reveal inequalities that are otherwise hidden. These data can be disaggregated by:

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Race

We recommend starting with the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) database, which provides information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis (TB). Data on HIV prevalence can be obtained by age group, race, ethnicity, gender, transmission category, and more. 

References

1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prevention.html. 2021. Accessed April 3, 2022.

2 Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/archive/AdultandAdolescentGL_2021_08_16.pdf. 2020. Accessed July 17, 2020.

3 Valdiserri RO. HIV/AIDS Stigma: An impediment to public health. American Journal of Public Health. 2002; 92:341-342.

4 Baugher AR, Beer L, Fagan JL, Mattson CL, Freedman M, Skarbinski J, Shouse RL. Prevalence of internalized HIV-related stigma among HIV-infected adults in care, United States, 2011-2013. AIDS and Behavior. 2017 Sep; 21(9):2600-2608.